Rhinorrhea (from Greek "rhino" meaning "nose", and "rrhea" meaning "discharge or flow", aka runny nose) is where the nasal cavity is filled with significant amounts of mucus. The condition is...

Asystole (aka flatline) is the state of no cardiac electrical activity, hence no contractions of the myocardium, and no cardiac output or blood flow. Cause H's and T's, including: Hypovolemia Hypoxia Hydrogen ions (acidosis) Hypothermia Hyperkalemia, or...

Graves' disease (aka toxic diffuse goiter, Flajani-Basedow-Graves disease) is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. Sx Hyperthyroidism Enlarged thyroid Irritability Muscle weakness Sleeping problems Fast heartbeat Poor tolerance of heat Diarrhea Weight loss Pretibial myxedema (thickening of the skin on...

Antifungals are used to Tx fungi, such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush). Classification Polyene antifungals, including: Amphotericin B Candicidin Filipin Hamycin Natamycin Nystatin Imidazole, including: Bifonazole Butoconazole Clotrimazole Econazole Fenticonazole Isoconazole Ketoconazole Luliconazole Miconazole Omoconazole Oxiconazole Sertaconazole Sulconazole Tioconazole Triazole, including: Albaconazole Efinaconazole Epoxiconazole Fluconazole Isavuconazole Itraconazole Posaconazole Propiconazole Ravuconazole Terconazole Voriconazole Thiazole, including: Abafungin Allylamines, inhibit squalene epoxidase, anotehr enzyme required for ergosterol synthesis. It includes: Amorolfin Butenafine Naftifine Terbinafine Echinocandins,...

Antipsychotics are used to Tx psychosis, in particular, schizophrenia. They can also be used to Tx acute mania, agitation, bipolar disorder, autism, major depressive disorder, and so forth. MOA Both generations block...

Colon cancer (aka colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, bowel cancer) is cancer in the large intestine (e.g. colon, appendix, rectum). [faq]What is colon cancer, and how does it differ from colorectal, rectal, and...

Miscarriage (aka spontaneous abortion, or pregnancy loss) is the natural death of an embryo/fetus, before it is able to survive independently. Miscarriage is death in the first 2 trimesters, set...

Tenderness is pain or discomfort when an affected area is touched. Whereas pain is the Pt's perception, tenderness is the sign that the clinician elicits. Sl tender is an abbreviation for slightly tender. Classification Pain...

Fever (aka pyrexia) is an elevated body temperature above the normal range of 37 ± 0.5°C, i.e. >37.5°C. [faq]I know fever means you're hot, but what does hot mean? Normal temperature is 0.5°C...

Crackles (aka crepitations, rales, from French "rale" meaning "rattle") are discontinuous crackling/clicking/rattling noises made by either/both lungs in Pt's with a respiratory disease. Sx Discontinuous, non-musical, and brief Much more common during inspiration than...