Anticholinergics inhibits parasympathetics, by blocking the neurotransmitter acetylcholine [specifically, its binding to its receptor in neurons]. Parasympathetics are responsible for involuntary movement of smooth muscle present in the GI, urinary tract,...

Sunburn is a form of radiation burn, that affects living tissue, e.g. skin, that results from an overexposure to UV (ultraviolet) radiation, commonly from the sun. Sx Erythema (red or reddish skin),...

ACL injury is an injury of the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), which is an important, internal, stabilizer of the knee joint, restraining hyperextension. Pathophysiology It is injured when its biomechanical limits are...

Exercise intolerance is inability, or decreased ability, to perform physical exercise, at the expected level/duration of someone w/ a specific physical condition. Cause Primary Sx of chronic diastolic heart failure Dysfunctions involving pulmonary,...

Postoperative fever is where a Pt develops a fever after a surgery. It is a common condition, but is challenging, because it can be a hallmark of a serious underlying condition. Pathophysiology If postop...

Umbilical cord abnormalities are numerous abnormalities that can affect the umbilical cord, which can cause problems that affect both mother and child. Classification Umbilical cord compression Velamentous cord insertion Single umbilical artery Umbilical cord prolapse Vasa...

Quinolone are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics. MOA Quinolones and its derivatives have also been isolated from natural sources, e.g. plants, animals, bacteria, and can act as natural antimicrobials or signalling molecules It exerts its...

Clubfoot (aka talipes equinovarus) is a congenital deformity involving 1 foot or both. The affected foot appears to have been rotated internally at the ankle. [faq]What's clubfoot? It sounds a bit like...

Antithrombin III deficiency (ATIII deficiency) is a deficiency of antithrombin III. Antithrombin is a protein produced by the liver, that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system. It causes recurrent thrombosis...

Antihistamine (aka histamine antagonist) inhibits the action of histamine, used to relieve allergies. Classification Histamine H1-receptor antagonist, used to Tx allergic reactions in the nose (e.g. itching, runny nose, and sneezing), which are...