​Surgery are techniques involving manual and instruments. Purposes Investigation Treatment of diseases (or injuries) To improve bodily function For appearance Remove unwanted areas (e.g. perforated ear drum) Pre-operative preparation Nothing by mouth (NBM, aka Nil by mouth, Nil...

Blood type (aka blood group) is the classification of blood based on the presence (or absence) of inherited antigens (combination of proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, glycolipids) on the surface of RBC's. There...

ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, aka Lou Gehrig's disease, Charcot disease) is a specific neurodegeneration (i.e. disorder that involves the death of neurons). Sx Spasticity (stiff muscles) Fasciculation (muscle twitching) Gradually worsening weakness, due to...

Cholestasis of pregnancy (aka jaundice of prengnacy) is a condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. Sx Troublesome itching, although itching has been considered to be a common Sx of pregnancy. The vast majority...

Oligomenorrhea is infrequent menstruation, occurring at intervals >35 days, thus only permitting 4-9 periods per year. Menstrual periods should have been previously established, before the development of infrequent flow. [faq]Oligo-menorrhea. What...

Paraneoplastic syndrome are Sx that is caused by cancer in the body but, unlike mass effect, is not due to the LOCAL presence of cancer cells. Pathophysiology Mediated by humoral factors, by...

Antifungals are used to Tx fungi, such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush). Classification Polyene antifungals, including: Amphotericin B Candicidin Filipin Hamycin Natamycin Nystatin Imidazole, including: Bifonazole Butoconazole Clotrimazole Econazole Fenticonazole Isoconazole Ketoconazole Luliconazole Miconazole Omoconazole Oxiconazole Sertaconazole Sulconazole Tioconazole Triazole, including: Albaconazole Efinaconazole Epoxiconazole Fluconazole Isavuconazole Itraconazole Posaconazole Propiconazole Ravuconazole Terconazole Voriconazole Thiazole, including: Abafungin Allylamines, inhibit squalene epoxidase, anotehr enzyme required for ergosterol synthesis. It includes: Amorolfin Butenafine Naftifine Terbinafine Echinocandins,...

Radionuclide (aka radioactive nuclide, radioisotope, radioactive isotope) is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. This excess energy can either create and emit, from the nucleus, new...

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor are drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme, from breaking down acetylcholine, thereby increasing both the level and duration of action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Classification Reversible inhibitors, including: Carbamates, including Rivastigmine (Exelon) Phenanthrene derivatives,...

DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) is complication in Pt's with diabetes mellitus (especially type 1). [faq]I understand DKA is an extreme, but is it an extreme in terms of too much blood sugar,...