Fluid thrill test is a test for ascites. Pt pushes their hands down on the midline of the abdomen. Examiner taps one flank, while feeling the other flank for the...

Echo phenomenon is automatic imitative actions wihtout explicit awareness, or pathological repetitions of external stimuli or activities, actions, sounds, or phrases, indicative of an underlying disorder. Classification Echolalia, of vocalizations, the most...

Nephritic syndrome is a glomerular disorder, causing proteinuria and hematuria. Sx Hematuria (blood in urine) Proteinuria (protein in urine) HTN Blurred vision Azotemia Oliguria (low urine output <400mL/day) Pathophysiology Caused by inflammation of the glomerulus Characterized by a thin glomerular...

CABG (coronary artery bypass surgery, pronouncd "cabbage") is surgery involving that involves bypassing an obstructed coronary artery. Pathophysiology The obstruction being bypassed is due to arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, or both: Arteriosclerosis is characterized by...

PPHN (Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn) is where the Pt is unable to breathe properly because of pulmonary hypertension. Pathophysiology In a fetus, there is high pulmonary vascular resistance, and low...

Bradypnea (from Greek "brady" meaning "slow", "pnea" meaning "breath") is abnormally slow RR. Dx Definition depends upon the Pt's age, including: <1yo, <30bpm <3yo, <25bpm <12yo, <20bpm <50yo, <12bpm >50yo, <13bpm Sx Dizziness Fainting (or near-fainting) Fatigue Weakness Chest pains SOB Memory impairment or confusion Tiring easily...

Respiratory exam is performed as part of a physical exam. AE is shorthand for Air entry, referring to the intensity of breath sounds. A drawing of lungs with arrows through them, indicates there is nothing...

Screaming (aka shout, yell, shriek, hoot, holler, vociferation, outcry, bellow) is a loud vocalization in which air is passed through the vocal folds, with greater force than is used in...

Hemorrhoids are vascular structures in the anal canal which cushion to help with stool control. Hemorrhoidal disease (aka piles) is inflammation (or swelling) causing pathology. [faq]What is a hemorrhoid? I know hemorrhage means...

Frequent urination is the need to urinate more often than usual. Dx Normality varies according to age, typical ranges include: In young children, 8-14 times per day In older children, 6-12 times per day In...