Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS, aka noenatal aspiration of meconium) is a condition affecting newborns. [faq]What is mecnoium aspiration? It's where bub accidentally breathes in meconium.[/faq] Pathophysiology Meconium is present in the infant's lungs during...

Fragile X syndrome (FXS, aka Martin-Bell syndrome, Escalante's syndrome) is a genetic syndrome. Pathophysiology Expansion of the CGG triplet repeat, affecting the FMR1 (Fragile X mental retardation 1) gene on the X...

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, aka hyperkinetic disorder), a neurodevelopmental disorder, causing significant problems of attention, hyperactivity, or acting impulsively, not appropriate for a Pt's age. [faq]ADHD, that's where a kid...

Gallstone (aka cholelith) is a calculus (stone) formed within the gallbladder (i.e. organ where bile produced by the liver, is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small...

[Resin based] composites (aka filled resins) are a composite (i.e. material made from 2+ constituent materials w/ dissimilar properties) of a resin-based oligomer matrix (like epoxy resins, e.g. bis-GMA, TEGMA,...

Heart attack (aka myocardial infarction) is where blood [and thus oxygen] flow stops to a part of the heart, and heart muscle becomes damaged. [faq]What is a myocardial infarction, and how...

Beta-lactam is a class of antibiotics, that contain a beta-lactam ring. [faq]Beta lactam. What's that? How's that different from an alpha lactam? So beta lactams are named this way, because they have...

Hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue (outside the blood vessels). [faq]What is hematoma? I'm guessing it relates to heme, so blood? Yeah, so it's a collection of blood, within...

Progesterone (P4, aka pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis. It is the major progestogen in the body. It is a crucial...

Pressing firmly over the abdomen, especially towards the upper right quadrant for 10 seconds, whilst observing the internal jugular vein. It is positive if JVP increases, or increases non-transiently. Pathophysiology Pressing increases...