Cyst is a nodule (non fluid-filled, 5-10mm) that has expressible material, such as liquid, semi-sold or solid material, inside. [img]cyst.jpg[/img] Classification Benign (dysfunction) tumors, due to plugged ducts or other natural body outlets...

Beta blockers reduce blood pressure (antihypertensive) and heart rate. [faq]What are beta blockers? They're drugs used to reduce blood pressure, as well as heart rate. You diferentiated blood pressure from heart rate? Yep. You...

Polycystic kidney disease (PCKD, aka polycystic kidney syndrome) is a genetic disorder in which abnormal cysts develop and grow in the kidneys. Cystic disorders can express themselves at any point,...

LFT's are a group of blood tests that provide information regarding the state of a Pt's liver. [faq]Practically, how do you collect LFT's? The bottle with the orange top.[/faq] Physiology The liver is involved...

Congenital heart defect (CHD) are defects in the structure of the heart (and great vessels) present at birth. Classification Hypoplasia, which typically results in the underdevelopment of the R ventricle or the...

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a 3rd copy of genes on chromosome 21. Pathophysiology Caused by 3 copies of the genes on chromosome 21, rather than the usual 2. This...

[Artificial cardiac] pacemaker is a device which uses electrical impulses, delivered by electrodes contracting the heart muscles, to regulate the beating of the heart. PPM is an abbreviation for Permanent pacemaker. [faq]What...

Nocturia (from Latin "nox" meaning "night") is wher the Pt has to wake at night one or more times for voiding. Cause Varied Many Pt's, difficult to discern Dx Noctural urine volume (NUV), is the...

Macule (from Latin "macula" meaning "spot") is a change in surface color that is neither elevated nor depressed, and is therefore impalpable. It has a diameter of less than 5mm. [faq]What is...

Bleeding during pregnancy (aka threatened miscarriage), is bleeding in the first 2 trimesters (weeks 0-28), specifically, 24 weeks (i.e seen during pregnancy prior to viability), and has yet to be assessed further. [faq]What is...