Jaundice (from French "jaun" meaning "yellow", aka icterus) is yellowish pigmentation of the skin, conjunctiva, and other mucous membranes. [faq]What does jaundice mean? It sounds like someone who's being a bit...

Postmenopausal bleeding is bleeding or spotting following menopause (i.e. confirmed 12 months after your last period). [faq]What is postmenopausal bleeding? It's bleeding after menopause. What's menopause? It's when vaginal bleeding stops for 1 year. That's...

Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (aka slow onset type 1 diabetes, or diabetes type 1.5) is a form of diabetes mellitus type 1, that occurs in adults, often with a...

Pancreatic cancer is cancer originating in the pancreas. Sx Asymptomatic, usually in the disease's early stages If a cancer in the head of the pancreas, obstructs the common bile duct, as it runs through...

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic [nonketotic] syndrome (HHS, aka hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma, HONK, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (predominantly type 2), in which hyperglycemia (high blood sugars) cause severe...

Endometrial biopsy is a procedure that involves taking a tissue sampling of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). The tissue subsequently undergoes a histologic evaluation, which aids the Dr in...

CT scan (aka computer axial tomography, CAT scan, computer-aided tomography) uses multiple x-rays taken from different angles, to generate a tomographic image (i.e. virtual cross-sectional slice), or even 3D image using a...

Pleural effusion (aka water on the lung) is excess fluid accumulating between the 2 pleural layers that surround the lungs. Pathophysiology Although normally containing fluid, excessive amounts can impair breathing by limiting the...

Paget’s disease of the breast is a malignant condition that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, with skin changes involving the nipple of the breast. Epidemiology It is an uncommon disease...

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a 3rd copy of genes on chromosome 21. Pathophysiology Caused by 3 copies of the genes on chromosome 21, rather than the usual 2. This...