Episiotomy (from Greek "epision" meaning "pubic region", "tomy" meaning "cutting", aka perineotomy) is surgical incision of the perineum and posterior vaginal wall, during the second stage of labor, to quickly enlarge...

MALT lymphoma (aka MALToma, extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma) is a form of lymphoma involving the MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue), frequently on the stomach, but virtually any mucosal site...

Atresia is a condition where an orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent. Classification Imperforate anus Microtia Biliary atresia Choanal atresia Esophageal atresia Intestinal atresia Ovarian follicle atresia Pulmonary atresia Tricuspid atresia Vaginal atresia Renal agenesis Potter sequence

Medical certificate is a statement from the doctor that attests the result of a medical examination of a Pt. It can serve as a sick note (documentation an employee is...

Usually, the body relies on CO2 receptors to regulate breathing. Hypoxic drive is where the body uses oxygen chemoreceptors instead. It occurs in COPD Pt's where there are chronically high CO2...

Ventilation-perfusion mismatch (aka V/Q mismatch) is when the ventilation and perfusion of a gas exchanging unit are not matched. Physiology Ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q ratio) is the measurement used to assess the efficiency and...

Maternal hypertension (aka hypertensive disease of pregnancy) is a group of diseases including: Essential/chronic hypertension, which is HTN <20 weeks gestation Gestational hypertension, which is HTN >20 weeks gestation Preeclampsia, which is +proteinuria Eclampsia,...

Uterine malformation is a type of female genital malformation, due to abnormal development of the Mullerian duct(s) during embryogenesis. Sx Amenorrhea Infertility Recurrent pregnancy loss Pain Can be noraml functioning, depending on nature of the defect Classification Mullerian...

Group and hold (aka group and screen, G&S, or type and screen) are tests conducted prior to blood transfusion. [faq]What's group and hold? Tests done before a blood transfusion. What's a blood transfusion? Where you get...

Endocine disorders are disorders of the endocrine system. Cause Endocrine gland hyposecretion, causing hormone deficiency Endocrine gland hypersecretion, causing hormone excess Tumors (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands Classification Adrenal disorders, including: Adrenal insufficiency, including: Addison's disease Mineralocorticoid deficiency,...