Mittelschmerz (German for "middle pain") is a mid-cycle abdominal pain, occurring around the time of ovulation, that occurs sometimes every cycle, some intermittently. Sx Lower abdominal and pelvic pain Occurs roughly midway through...

Single umbilical artery is where there is only 1 artery present in the umbilical cord. Pathophysiology Most cords have 1 vein and 2 arteries The vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to...

Acid-base imbalance is an abnormality of the body's normal acid-base homeostasis (balance of acids and bases), that causes the plasma pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35-7.45). In...

Hypothermia is body core temperature <35°C. [faq]What is hypothermia? Low body temperature. Normal temperature is 37°C ± 0.5°C. Low body temperature is strictly below 36.5, but we don't call it hypothermia until it hits below...

Menopause (aka climacteric) is when a woman's menstrual periods stop permanently, and she is no longer fertile. Perimenopause (meaning “around the menopause”) is the menopause transition years, a span of time...

Leopold's maneuvers (aka fetal palpation) are 4 maneuvers used to palpate a fetus inside a pregnant woman, from her abdomen. FMF is shorthand for fetal movement felt. Purpose Determines position of the fetus Determines presentation...

Menorrhagia (aka hematomunia) is abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period [at regular intervals]. [faq]What is menorrhagia? I'm guessing it's related to menstruation? That's correct. The ending "rrhage" means excessive flow, like as in...

Vomiting (aka emesis) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of stomach's contents, through the mouth, and sometimes the nose. Nausea is the feeling one is about to vomit, but doesn't necessarily...

Large for gestational age (LGA) is an indicator of high prenatal growth rate. Risk factors Poorly controlled maternal diabetes, a major risk factor, especially gestational diabetes, as well as pre-existing type 2...

LH (luteinizing hormone) is a hormone produced by gonadotrophic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH (LH surge) triggers ovulation, and development of the...