Gravidity and parity (G/P/A) are terms relating to pregnancy. Definition It is the number of times a female has: Gravidity means having been pregnant, regardless of whether it has been brought to viability (yet alone...

Torticollis (aka wry neck, loxia, from Latin "tortus" meaning "twisted", and "collum" meaning "neck") is a dystonic condition involving an abnormal, asymmetrical head/neck position. Categories Torticollis can either be one of the...

Spinal stenosis is stenosis (abnormal narrowing) of the spinal canal, that may occur in any of the regions of the spine. Pathophysiology Narrowing causes a restriction to the spinal canal, causing a...

Spinal cord compression is when the spinal cord is compressed by bone fragments, from a vertebral fracture, a tumor, abscess, ruptured intervertebral disc, or other lesion. Sx Back pain Dermatome of increased sensation Paralysis...

Incisional hernia is a defect of the fascia of the abdominal wall, following any incision, most commonly surgical incision. Classification Ventral hernias, which occur in median laparotomy incisions in the linea alba....

IVF (In vitro fertilization, from Latin "in vitro" meaning "in glass") is where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body. Physiology Monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process Removing egg/eggs (ovum/ova)...

[Tubulo-]interstitial nephritis is a form of nephritis affecting the interstitium of the kidneys surrounding the tubules. It can be either acute, meaning it occurs suddenly, or chronic, meaning it is...

Lupus anticoagulant (aka lupus antibody) is an immunoglobulin/antibody, that interacts with platelet membrane phospholipids, increasing adhesion and aggregation of platelets. The name is a misnomer, as it is a coagulant/prothrombotic...

Solitary pulonary nodule (aka coin lesion) is a mass in the lung <3cm in diameter. It can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of CXR's, and around...

Tongue-tie (aka ankyloglossia) is a congenital anomaly, that may decrease mobility of the tongue tip, and is caused by an unusually short, thick lingual frenulum, a membrane connecting the underside...