Enema
Enema (aka clyster) is a fluid injected into the large intestine through the rectum. Examples include Microlax.
Encephalitis
Encephalitis (from Greek "en" meaning "in", "cephale" meaning "head", and "itis" meaning "inflammation") is acute inflammation of the brain. Meningoencephalitis is encephalitis with meningitis.
Sx
Headache
Fever
Confusion
Drowsiness
Fatigue
Later:
Seizure
Convulsions
Tremor
Hallucinations
Stroke
Hemorrhaging
Memory problems
Cause
Viral, called viral encephalitis, can occur...
Perineal tear
Perineal tear is an unintended laceration of the skin and other soft tissue structures separating the vagina from the anus. Tears vary in severity.
[faq]What is a perineal tear?
It's where as...
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) are a group of pregnancy-related tumors.
Sx
GTD can simulate pregnancy because:
Uterus may contain fetal tissue, albeit abnormal
The tissue may grow at the same rate as a normal...
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (aka diabetes [mellitus] type 2, formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM, adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorder involving hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the context of insulin resistance...
External fixation
External fixation is surgical Tx used to stabilize bone and soft tissues at a distance from the operative or injury focus.
Method
They provide unobstructed access to the relevant skeletal and soft...
Aortic rupture
Aortic rupture is rupture/breakage of the aorta (i.e. largest artery in the body).
Sx
Tearing pain, located in the abdomen, flank, groin, or back
LOC (loss of consciousness)
Hypotension, from volemic shock
Tachycardia
Cyanosis (blue discloration...
Upper limb examination
Upper limb examination assesses the neurological function of the upper limbs. ROM is an abbreviation for Range of Motion. UL is an abbreviation for Upper limb.
Method
Remember with the mnemonic “The Powerful...
Dietary minerals
Dietary minerals are chemical elements required by living organisms, other than C, H, N, and O.
Classification
It includes:
Major dietary elements:
Calcium (Ca2+) → deficiency is [[hypocalcemia]]
Phosphorus
Potassium. The daily potassium requirement in adults is...
Internal fixation
Internal fixation involves the surgical implementation of implants for the purpose of repairing a bone.
Method
May be made of stainless steel or titanium
Types of internal fixators include:
Plates and screws
Kirschner wires
Intramedullary nails
Classification
Open...