Hypercalcemia is elevated Ca2+ in blood [normal 2.2-2.5mmol/L]. Sx Can be asymptomatic, but can otherwise be memorized w/ the mnemonic: Stones, including renal or biliary Bones, including bone pain Groans, including abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting Throans, including polyuria...

Blood tests (aka hematological test) are Ix performed on a blood sample usually extracted from a vein in the arm via needle, or via fingerprink. Serum is another word for blood. Blood panels...

Pharmaceutical drug (aka medication) is a drug used in health care, for the purposes of Dx, Tx, or prevention. Pharmacies administer drugs. Drug discovery and development are complex and expensive endeavors...

Atrial flutter is abnormal heart rhythm that occurs in the atria of the heart. [faq]What is atrial flutter, and how does it differ from atrial fibrillation? Let's start with atrial fibrillation. It's...

Fluid thrill test is a test for ascites. Pt pushes their hands down on the midline of the abdomen. Examiner taps one flank, while feeling the other flank for the...

Antenatal care are regular check-ups that allwo doctors and midwives to Dx, Tx, and prevent potential health problems througout the course of pregnancy. The sessions also provide an opportunity to...

Pulse is measuring heart beat by palpating a peripheral artery by the fingertip (with the exception of using the thumb). Sometimes, there is delay, which is indicative of pathology. Method Pulses can...

Aminoglycoside is a Gram-negative antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis, and contains as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside (i.e. sugar). It generally has effect against gram-negative aerobes and...

Valve replacement is replacement of 1 or more of the natural heart valves w/ either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis (homograft from tissue). Valves are integral to the...

Angiography (from Greek "angio" meaning "vessel", and "graphy" meaning "to write") is medical imaging to visualize the lumen (inside) of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest...