Pancreatic cancer is cancer originating in the pancreas. Sx Asymptomatic, usually in the disease's early stages If a cancer in the head of the pancreas, obstructs the common bile duct, as it runs through...

Kidney function tests are tests which help check the kidneys are working properly. Physiology Kidney is a bean shaped organs located at the rear of the abdominal cavity (retroperitoneum). It receives blood...

Antiviral are drugs used to Tx viral infections. Like antibiotics (for bacteria), specific antivirals can Tx specific viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antivirals don't destroy the target pathogen, but rather inhibits their...

Fluid replacement is the replenishment of bodily fluids lost through various means (sweating, bleeding, fluid shift, or other pathological processes). [faq]What is fluid replacement? It's where we replenish the body with fluids....

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (from "lipo" meaning "fat") is a family of at least 8 genetically separate neurodegenerative disorders, that result from excessive accumulation of lipopigments (lipofuscin) in the body's tissues. Pathophysiology These lipopigments are...

NSAID are used for relieving pain, alleviating fever, and in higher doses, anti-inflammatory. They are non-narcotic, and thus can be used as a non-addictive alternative to narcotics. They are non-steroidal,...

Bipolar [affective] disorder (aka manic-depressive illness) is a mental disorder involving periods of mania (severely elevated mood, that may involve psychosis) or hypomania (significantly elevated mood), and periods of depression. Sx Manic...

Cyanosis is blue or purple coloration of skin or mucous membranes, due to tissue near skin surface having low oxygen saturation. Signs usually first appear on the lips or fingers. Pathophysiology It...

Emergency department (ED) is an acute care facility treating Pt's without prior appointment, who have either arrived by their own means or by ambulance. It is usually found in a hospital...

Bishop score (aka cervix score, cervical favorability) is a pre-labor scoring system. Cx is shorthand for cervix. [faq]What's the Bishop score? It's a way that we score how ready bub is ready to come out....