Type 1 diabetes (aka diabetes [mellitus] type 1, T1D[M], formerly insulin[-dependent] diabetes, juvenile diabetes) is DM that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. [faq]What is...

Undescended testicle (aka cryptorchidism, from Greek "crypto" meaning "hidden", and "orchis" meaning "testicle") is the congenital absence of testes (one or both) from the scrotum. Note that a testis in early...

Type 2 diabetes (aka diabetes [mellitus] type 2, formerly noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM, adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorder involving hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the context of insulin resistance...

Uterine hyperstimulation (aka hypertonic uterine dysfunction) is a potential complication of labor induction. Definition Series of single contractions, lasting 2 mins+, or a contraction frequency of 5+ in 10 mins Sx Fetal distress (fetal...

Toddler's diarrhea (aka chronic diarrhea of infancy) affects kids between 6-30mo, usually resolving by 4yo. Sx Multiple loose bowel movements per day, sometimes with undigested food visible Normal growth with no evidence of...

Maternal death is death of a woman whilst pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration, site, cause (aggravation, Mx), but not from accidental or...

Fundal height (aka McDonald's rule) is a measurement of the size of the uterus, as an indication of proper fetal growth/development and amniotic fluid development, during pregnancy. SFH is shorthand...

Maternal obesity is obesity, often including being overweight, of a woman during pregnancy. Pathophysiology Affects maternal metabollism, including insulin resistance, disrupting glucose homeostasis, fat oxidation and amino acid synthesis, thereby affecting offspring...

The RAAS system (aka renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system), is a hormone system that regulates water balance, and thus blood pressure. Physiology When blood volume (and thus pressure) is low, juxtaglomerular cells [in the kidneys] secrete...

Cardiovascular disease (aka heart disease) are diseases involving the heart, kidney, and peripheral arterial diseases. Classification Coronary artery disease/Ischemic heart disease Cardiomyopathy Hypertensive heart disease Heart failure Pulmonary heart disease Cardiac arrhythmias Inflammatory heart disease (endocarditis, myocardis, inflammatory...