Chemotherapy (CTx) is Tx of cancer with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. The objective can be either curative or to relieve suffering. It can either be used as a single-agent, or in combination. Chemoradiotherapy...

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by excessive thirst, and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, with a reduction in fluid intake having no effect on increasing urine concentration. Types Central...

Pulse is measuring heart beat by palpating a peripheral artery by the fingertip (with the exception of using the thumb). Sometimes, there is delay, which is indicative of pathology. Method Pulses can...

Nasal endoscopy (rhinoscopy, nasoscopy, nasoendoscopy, sinus endoscopy) is the use of a rhinoscope (i.e. thin, tube-like instrument) to examine the inside of the nose. [faq]What is the nasal endoscopy? Before we get to...

Hyperkalemia (from English "hyper" meaning "high", "kalium" meaning "potassium") is elevated concentration of the electrolyte potassium K+. [faq]What's hyperkalemia? It's high potassium in blood.[/faq] Cause Ineffective elimination, including: Renal insufficiency Drugs, that interfere w/ urinary excretion,...

Dysuria is painful urination, usually described to be a burning or stinging sensation. Cause Urinary tract: Kidney stones Urethral stricture Cystitis UTI, caused by bacterial infection STD, including chlamydia Urethritis Urinary schistosmiasis Malignancy, e.g. bladder cancer, prostate cancer, urethral cancer Pyelonephritis Hemorrhagic...

Neural tube defects (NTD's) are conditions where an opening in the spinal cord or brain remains from early in human development. Pathophysiology In week 3 gestation, during gastrulation (i.e. phase where the...

Intrauterine devices (IUD's, aka coil) are small devices, often T-shaped, containing either copper or levonorgestrel, inserted into the uterus. Examples include IUD with progestogen (Mirena), and IUD with copper. [img]mirena.jpg[/img] Source: Drug dangers [faq]What is...

Oxygen therapy is the administration of O2 as an intervention, and can be used either in chronic or acute Pt care. [faq]What is oxygen therapy? It's where we give oxygen as an...

Respiratory exam is performed as part of a physical exam. AE is shorthand for Air entry, referring to the intensity of breath sounds. A drawing of lungs with arrows through them, indicates there is nothing...