Urolithiasis (from Greek "ouron" meaning "urine", "lithos" meaning "stone") is formation of urinary calculi (urinary stones), which are calculi formed or located anywhere in the urinary system. Classification Nephrolithiasis (formation of kidney...

Percussion is tapping on a surface to determine the underlying structure. Indications Assess the thorax, for: Pneumothorax Emphysema Other disease Respiratory mobility of the thorax Assess the abdomen, for: Organomegaly Whether tissue is healthy or pathological Method The nonstriking finger (known...

Erythema multiforme (from "multi" and "formis") is a skin condition of unknown cause, it is a type of erythema possibly mediated by deposition of immune complexes, mostly IgM-bound complexes, in the superficial...

Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a rare inherited disorder, affecting the metabolism of bilirubin (chemical formed from the breakdown of the heme in RBC's). It is caused by a form of nonhemolytic...

Perineal tear is an unintended laceration of the skin and other soft tissue structures separating the vagina from the anus. Tears vary in severity. [faq]What is a perineal tear? It's where as...

Jugular venous pressure (JVP) is the indirectly observed pressure, over the venous system, as observed over the internal jugular vein. JVPNE/JVPNR is shorthand for JVP not elevated/raised. [faq]What is JVP. And what...

Sunburn is a form of radiation burn, that affects living tissue, e.g. skin, that results from an overexposure to UV (ultraviolet) radiation, commonly from the sun. Sx Erythema (red or reddish skin),...

GIC (Glass Ionomer Cement) contain a basic glass, and an acidic polymer liquid, set by an acid-base reaction Components The acidic polymer is polyacrylic acid, an ionomer, containing 5-10% of substituted ionic...

Heparin (from Greek "hepar" meaning "liver") is an injectable anticoagulant. [faq]What is heparin? It's a drug, that prevents blood from clotting, which we call an anticoagulant. It's injected, as supposed to warfarin which...

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a 3rd copy of genes on chromosome 21. Pathophysiology Caused by 3 copies of the genes on chromosome 21, rather than the usual 2. This...