Murmur is an auscultatable sound caused by turbulent flow of blood, caused by stenosis (i.e. restriction of heart valve opening) or regurgitation (i.e. allowing backflow of blood through an incompetent valve that incompletely closses). This...

Bad breath (aka halitosis, fetor oris) is where a noticeably unpleasant odor is present on the exhaled breath. Epidemiology Estimated to be the 3rd most frequent reason for Pt's seeking dental care,...

Frequent urination is the need to urinate more often than usual. Dx Normality varies according to age, typical ranges include: In young children, 8-14 times per day In older children, 6-12 times per day In...

Chromosomal abnormality (aka chromosomal anomaly, aberration, or mutation), is an abnormality of chromosomal DNA. The most common chromosomal abnormalities include: [[Angelman syndrome]] [[Down syndrome]] [[Klinefelter syndrome]] [[Prader-Willi syndrome]] [[Turner syndrome]] [faq]What's the difference between a chromosomal...

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (aka beauty parlor syndrome) is a temporary set of Sx due to decreased blood flow in the posterior circulation of the brain. The posterior circulation supplies blood to...

Fluid replacement is the replenishment of bodily fluids lost through various means (sweating, bleeding, fluid shift, or other pathological processes). [faq]What is fluid replacement? It's where we replenish the body with fluids....

Challenging behavior is culturally abnormal behaviors of such intensity, frequency or duration that the physical safety of the person or others is placed in serious jeopardy, or behavior which is...

Bleeding tendency (aka bleeding diathesis, bleeding predisposition, hemorrhagic diathesis) is unusual susceptibility to bleed/hemorrhage. Cause Hypocoagulability, mostly, in turn caused by a coagulopathy (i.e. a defect in the system of coagulation) Thinning of...

Chest x-ray (CXR) is used to Dx conditions involving the chest wall, and structures within the thoracic cavity, including the lungs (esp. pneumonia, job-related lung disease), heart (esp. heart failure), and...

Nuchal scan (aka nuchal translucency, nuchal fold) is an U/S prenatal screen assessing the quantity of fluid collecting within the nape of the fetal neck. Method Examined on the early morphology conducted at the...