Pathological fracture is a bone fracture caused by disease that led to weakness of the bone structure. Fragility fracture is a type of pathological fracture that occurs as a result...

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, heart-lung machine) is a technique that temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and oxygen of the...

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (aka vitamin K deficiency bleeding, VKDB) is a coagulation disturbance in newborns due to vitamin K deficiency. Pathophysiology As a consequence of vitamin K deficiency, there is...

Smoking tobacco causes various effects for both the smoker, as well as those around them. Cigs is shorthand for cigarettes. Pathophysiology Nicotine is addictive, making the process of quitting very prolonged and difficult Assessment The statement "Smoker"...

Antiviral are drugs used to Tx viral infections. Like antibiotics (for bacteria), specific antivirals can Tx specific viruses. Unlike most antibiotics, antivirals don't destroy the target pathogen, but rather inhibits their...

Health care is the Dx, Tx, and prevention of disease (also illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments). Classification Primary care, who act as first point of consultation for all Pt's...

ECG (electrocardiography) is a record of electrical activity of the heart over time, detected by electrodes attached to the skin surface (non-invasive) at various set locations. Method The standard 12-lead ECG involves...

Contact tracing is the identification and Dx of persons who may have come into contact with an infected person. Purpose For STI's, this is limited to sexual partners For highly virulent diseases (e.g...

Urinary retention (aka ischuria) is inability to completely empty the bladder. [faq]What is urinary retention? It's where you can't empty the bladder. What's the bladder? It's the organ that collects urine that is excreted...

Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a 10-item questionnaire developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. Items on the scale correspond to various clinical depression Sx (e.g. guilt feeling,...