Spotting (aka metrorrhagia, from "metro" meaning "womb", "rrhagia" meaning "excessive flow", aka intermenstrual bleeding, IMB) is vaginal bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between expected menstrual periods. Cause Normal and harmless part of ovulation, in...

[Pulmonary] consoldation is where a region of (normally aerated) lung, that is filled with fluid (instead of the usual gas). Consolidation occurs in pneumonia. Pathophysiology Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli (and...

Leopold's maneuvers (aka fetal palpation) are 4 maneuvers used to palpate a fetus inside a pregnant woman, from her abdomen. FMF is shorthand for fetal movement felt. Purpose Determines position of the fetus Determines presentation...

Root canal therapy (aka endodontic therapy) is a sequence of Tx for the infected pulp of a tooth, which results in the elimination of infection and the protection of the...

Chest x-ray (CXR) is used to Dx conditions involving the chest wall, and structures within the thoracic cavity, including the lungs (esp. pneumonia, job-related lung disease), heart (esp. heart failure), and...

Urine is a liquid by-product of the body, secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination/micturation, and ecreted through the urethra. Characteristics Quantity, which is normally 1.4L, ranging from 0.6-2.6L per...

Leukonychia is white discoloration of the nail. [img]leukonychia.jpg[/img] Source: http://www.dermis.net/bilder/CD033/550px/img0063.jpg Causes Harmless, most commonly caused by minor injuries whilst the nail is growing Caused by hypoalbuminemia (low albumin), of chronic liver disease. In this instance, there...

Jaundice (from French "jaun" meaning "yellow", aka icterus) is yellowish pigmentation of the skin, conjunctiva, and other mucous membranes. [faq]What does jaundice mean? It sounds like someone who's being a bit...

Light therapy is exposure to daylight or specific wavelengths of light (polychromated polarised light, lasers, LED, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps, or very bright full-spectrum light). The light is administered for...

Allergies are a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system, where a Pt's immune system reacts to a normally harmless substance in the environment, known as the allergen. The reaction is...