Fetal scalp blood testing is a technique used in obstetrics during labor to confirm whether fetal oxygenation is sufficient. Method Performed by creating a shallow cut by a transvaginally inserted blood lancet,...

Chickenpox (aka varicella) is a highly contagious disease caused by initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). [faq]What is chickenpox? Anything to do with chickens? Not chickens, but chickpeas, or garbanzo beans....

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is caused by a non-beta islet cell (islet of Langerhans), gastrin-secreting tumor of the pancreas that stimulates the acid-secreting cells of the stomach (parietal cells) to maximal activity,...

Anemia (from Greek "an" meaning "not", and "heme" meaning "blood") is a decrease in the number/quality, of RBC/hemoglobin, thereby reducing the oxygen carrying ability of blood, and thus causing lack of...

Epileptic seizures (aka fits) is a brief episode of Sx, due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. It ranges from a momentary loss of awareness, to convulsions (i.e....

Type 1 diabetes (aka diabetes [mellitus] type 1, T1D[M], formerly insulin[-dependent] diabetes, juvenile diabetes) is DM that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. [faq]What is...

Hyposmia is reduced ability to smell/detect odors. Cause Allergies Nasal polyps Viral infections Head trauma Parkinson's disease, as a very early sign Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, also an early and almost universal finding Kallmann syndrome Epidemiology Hyposmia...

Percussion is tapping on a surface to determine the underlying structure. Indications Assess the thorax, for: Pneumothorax Emphysema Other disease Respiratory mobility of the thorax Assess the abdomen, for: Organomegaly Whether tissue is healthy or pathological Method The nonstriking finger (known...

Neonatal hepatitis is a form of hepatitis that affects fetuses and neonates. Sx Jaundice (yellow eyes and skin), that appears at 1-2 mo of age Not gaining weight, as they can't absorb vitamins...

Chest physiotherapy is Tx where breathing is improved by the indirect removal of mucus from the breathing passages of a patient. Method Clapping, where the therapist lightly claps the patient's chest, back,...