Nephritic syndrome is a glomerular disorder, causing proteinuria and hematuria.

• Hematuria (blood in urine)
• Proteinuria (protein in urine)
• HTN
• Blurred vision
• Azotemia
• Oliguria (low urine output <400mL/day)

• Caused by inflammation of the glomerulus
• Characterized by a thin glomerular basement membrane, and small pores on the glomerulus, large enough to permit proteins (proteinuria) and RBC's (hematuria) to pass into the urine
• Because of the proteinuria component, may involve hypoalbuminemia, due to albumin moving from blood into urine

Can be infectious, autoimmune, or thrombotic, and includes:

• Children/adolescents:
  • IgA nephropathy
  • Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome
  • Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
• Adults:
  • Goodpasture syndrome
  • SLE
  • Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
  • Infective endocarditis

• Although hematuria can be caused by bleeding anywhere in the urinary tract, if RBC's are trapped in urinary/RBC casts (i.e. strongly indicative of glomerular damage), bleeding likely originated in the nephron, and nephritic syndrome is probable

• Anti-HTN
• Anti-inflammatory
• Reduction in potassium and salt
• Physical rest

• Depends on underlying etiology, as it isn't a disease
• Prognosis in kids due to post-strep glomerulonephritis is good

• Nephrotic syndrome (only proteinuria, no hematuria)