Vitamins are vital nutrients (i.e. humans can't synthesize, or synthesize enough of, and must be obtained through diet) an organism requires in limited amounts.

• Vitamin A (aka retinol)
• Vitamin B complexes, including:
  • Vitamin B1 (aka thiamine)
  • Vitamin B2 (aka riboflavin)
  • Vitamin B3 (aka niacin)
  • Vitamin B5 (aka pantothenic acid)
  • Vitamin B6 (aka pyridoxine)
  • Vitamin B7 (aka biotin)
  • Vitamin B9 (aka folate), where folate deficiency is low folate. Signs of folate deficiency are often subtle, with folate deficiency anemia being a late finding
  • Vitamin B12 (aka cobalamin), which assists normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and the formation of blood. It is involved in the metabolism of every cell in the human body. Only bacteria (and archaea) have the enzymes required to synthesize Vitamin B12, although many foods have Vitamin B12 because of bacterial symbiosis. In pernicious anemia, parietal cells (of the stomach) responsible for secreting intrinsic factor are destroyed, and as it is crucial for normal absorption of vitamin B12, causes vitamin B12 deficiency
• Vitamin C (aka ascorbic acid) → deficiency is scurvy
• Vitamin D (aka cholecalciferol)
• Vitamin E (aka tocopherols)
• Vitamin K (aka phylloquinone) → vitamin K deficiency

Fat-soluble vitamins are Vitamin A, D, E, K. Water-soluble vitamins include Vitamins B and C.

• Supplementation is useful to Tx certain health problems, but little evidence of benefit in otherwise healthy Pt's
• Multivitamin is a preparation of vitamins and minerals:
  • Pentavite, is a multivitamin formulation for infants (0-3yo)
  • Elevit, a pregnancy multivitamin

• Maternal nutrition
• Minerals
• Fiber