Mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing.
Method
Intubation, if necessary, inserting a tube into the body. This can include:
Through the mouth (e.g. endotracheal tube)
Through the skin (e.g. tracheostomy tube)
Ventilator (i.e. a machine)
A bag/set of bellows, compressed with the assistance of a medical personnel (i.e. registered nurse, physician, physician assistant, respiratory therapist, paramedic), including:
Bag valve mask (aka manual resuscitator), which is a hand held device, used to provide PPV to patients who aren't breathing, or not doing so adequately. It can also be used whe patients rae dependent on mechanical ventilators, and that needs to be exmained for malfunction. It helps to force feed air or oxygen into the lungs in order to inflate them under pressure. It is preferred to mouth to mouth ventilation, either directly or using a pocket mask. If an adult mask is used on a child, use it in the upside down position. Pressure should be sufficient to make the chest rise. 250mL for very small babies, 500mL for infants, and 1.5L for larger children. The mask should be large enough to cover mouth and nose, but not too large to allow air leak. Mask should be held with a C grip, rest of the L hand supporting the airway, and other hand used to squeeze the bag. Ventilation should be given at 12-20bpm depending on the age of the child
Classification
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV), where air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the trachea
Negative pressure ventilation (NPV), where air is sucked into the lungs
Patient information
There are 2 types of ways we mechanically help breathing?
Yep, so there's positive and negative pressure.
What's pressure, and what's the difference between these?
So pressure is a force applied over a particular area, and it's pressures that makes the lung expand and contract in size, and also help with gas exchange. So positive pressure is where air is used to keep the airways open, to help forcibly pump air into the breathing tract. Negative pressure tries to duplicate natural breathing, which involves in sucking to decrease pressure in the lungs, to allow flow of ambient air into the lungs.
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