Cardiovascular disease (aka heart disease) are diseases involving the heart, kidney, and peripheral arterial diseases.

• Coronary artery disease/Ischemic heart disease
• Cardiomyopathy
• Hypertensive heart disease
• Heart failure
• Pulmonary heart disease
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Inflammatory heart disease (endocarditis, myocardis, inflammatory cardiomegaly)
• Valvular heart disease
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Peripheral arterial disease
• Ceongenital heart disease
• Rheumatic heart disease

• Atherosclerosis and hypertension, the most common causes
• Old age, which causes physiological and morphological changes

• Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide
• Incidence has declined in high income countries, and increased in non-high income countries

Atherosclerosis begins in early life, so should be prevented since childhood. Risk factors can be modified, including:

• Healthy eating
• Exercise
• Avoidance of smoking tobacco