[Dental or tooth] extraction (aka exodontia, exodontics, tooth pulling) is the removal of teeth from the dental alveolus/socket in the alveolar bone
Indications
Unrestorable through tooth decay, periodontal disease, or dental trauma, especially when they are associated with toothache
Impacted wisdom teeth (stuck and unable to grow normally into the mouth), which can cause recurrent infections of the gum (pericorinitis), and other conservative Tx has failed
In orthodontics, if teeth are crowded, healthy teeth (often premolars) may be extracted to create space so the rest of the teeth can be straightened
Equipment
Root pick (aka root tip elevators), used to retrieve root tip orbits that can break from the tooth and are in difficult to reach locations
Bone file, which can be used to file sharp bits of bone
Bone rongeur, which has a sharp edged, scoot-shaped tip, that can be used for gouging out bone
Periosteal elevator, which are used to severe the PDL around tooth roots inside the socket, and expand alveolar bone around tooth particles
Hemostasis
Spongostan, a hemostatic porcine gelatin absorbable sponge
Gelatemp, which contains colloidal silver and thus distinct from pure gelatine sponges. The silver has a broad antibacterial effect
Surgicel, a hemostatic oxidized regenerated cellulose
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