Orthostatic hypotension (aka postural hypotension, orthostasis, head rush, dizzy spell) is hypotension where a Pt's BP falls when suddenly standing up or stretching.
Dx
Fall in systolic BP, of 20mmHg+, or diastolic BP of 10mmHg+, when a Pt assumes a standing position
Pathophysiology
Caused by blood pooling in the lower extremities upon a change in body position
It is often associated with shock, although not necessarily indicative of it
For some people who exercise and are in top physical condition, low blood pressure is a Sx of good health and fitness
For many patients, excessively low blood pressure can cause dizziness and fainting, or indicate serious heart, endocrine, or neurological disorders
Severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, causing life threatening shock
Epidemiology
Quite common
Can occur briefly in anyone, prevalent in particular among the elderly, and those w/ low BP
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